ˆdThe GNU C Library

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• ‰TOC1ŠP�”›Introduction@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC2ŠP�”›Getting Started@�”˜
• ‰TOC3ŠP�”›Standards and Portability@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC4ŠP�”›ISO C@�”˜
• ‰TOC5ŠP�”›POSIX (The Portable Operating System Interface)@�”˜
• ‰TOC6ŠP�”›Berkeley Unix@�”˜
• ‰TOC7ŠP�”›SVID (The System V Interface Description)@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC8ŠP�”›Using the Library@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC9ŠP�”›Header Files@�”˜
• ‰TOC10ŠP�”›Macro Definitions of Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC11ŠP�”›Reserved Names@�”˜
• ‰TOC12ŠP�”›Feature Test Macros@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC13ŠP�”›Roadmap to the Manual@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC14ŠP�”›Error Reporting@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC15ŠP�”›Checking for Errors@�”˜
• ‰TOC16ŠP�”›Error Codes@�”˜
• ‰TOC17ŠP�”›Error Messages@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC18ŠP�”›Memory Allocation@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC19ŠP�”›Dynamic Memory Allocation Concepts@�”˜
• ‰TOC20ŠP�”›Dynamic Allocation and C@�”˜
• ‰TOC21ŠP�”›Unconstrained Allocation@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC22ŠP�”›Basic Storage Allocation@�”˜
• ‰TOC23ŠP�”›Examples of Xmalloc@�”˜
• ‰TOC24ŠP�”›Freeing Memory Allocated with Xmalloc@�”˜
• ‰TOC25ŠP�”›Changing the Size of a Block@�”˜
• ‰TOC26ŠP�”›Allocating Cleared Space@�”˜
• ‰TOC27ŠP�”›Efficiency Considerations for Xmalloc@�”˜
• ‰TOC28ŠP�”›Allocating Aligned Memory Blocks@�”˜
• ‰TOC29ŠP�”›Malloc Tunable Parameters@�”˜
• ‰TOC30ŠP�”›Heap Consistency Checking@�”˜
• ‰TOC31ŠP�”›Storage Allocation Hooks@�”˜
• ‰TOC32ŠP�”›Statistics for Storage Allocation with Xmalloc@�”˜
• ‰TOC33ŠP�”›Summary of XmallocP-Related Functions@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC34ŠP�”›Obstacks@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC35ŠP�”›Creating Obstacks@�”˜
• ‰TOC36ŠP�”›Preparing for Using Obstacks@�”˜
• ‰TOC37ŠP�”›Allocation in an Obstack@�”˜
• ‰TOC38ŠP�”›Freeing Objects in an Obstack@�”˜
• ‰TOC39ŠP�”›Obstack Functions and Macros@�”˜
• ‰TOC40ŠP�”›Growing Objects@�”˜
• ‰TOC41ŠP�”›Extra Fast Growing Objects@�”˜
• ‰TOC42ŠP�”›Status of an Obstack@�”˜
• ‰TOC43ŠP�”›Alignment of Data in Obstacks@�”˜
• ‰TOC44ŠP�”›Obstack Chunks@�”˜
• ‰TOC45ŠP�”›Summary of Obstack Functions@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC46ŠP�”›Automatic Storage with Variable Size@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC47ŠX�”›allocaP Example@�”˜
• ‰TOC48ŠP�”›Advantages of Xalloca@�”˜
• ‰TOC49ŠP�”›Disadvantages of Xalloca@�”˜
• ‰TOC50ŠP�”›GNU C Variable-Size Arrays@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC51ŠP�”›Relocating Allocator@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC52ŠP�”›Concepts of Relocating Allocation@�”˜
• ‰TOC53ŠP�”›Allocating and Freeing Relocatable Blocks@�”˜ ÄÂ
• ‰TOC54ŠP�”›Character Handling@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC55ŠP�”›Classification of Characters@�”˜
• ‰TOC56ŠP�”›Case Conversion@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC57ŠP�”›String and Array Utilities@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC58ŠP�”›Representation of Strings@�”˜
• ‰TOC59ŠP�”›String and Array Conventions@�”˜
• ‰TOC60ŠP�”›String Length@�”˜
• ‰TOC61ŠP�”›Copying and Concatenation@�”˜
• ‰TOC62ŠP�”›String/Array Comparison@�”˜
• ‰TOC63ŠP�”›Collation Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC64ŠP�”›Search Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC65ŠP�”›Finding Tokens in a String@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC66ŠP�”›Input/Output Overview@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC67ŠP�”›Input/Output Concepts@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC68ŠP�”›Streams and File Descriptors@�”˜
• ‰TOC69ŠP�”›File Position@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC70ŠP�”›File Names@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC71ŠP�”›Directories@�”˜
• ‰TOC72ŠP�”›File Name Resolution@�”˜
• ‰TOC73ŠP�”›File Name Errors@�”˜
• ‰TOC74ŠP�”›Portability of File Names@�”˜ ÄÂ
• ‰TOC75ŠP�”›Input/Output on Streams@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC76ŠP�”›Streams@�”˜
• ‰TOC77ŠP�”›Standard Streams@�”˜
• ‰TOC78ŠP�”›Opening Streams@�”˜
• ‰TOC79ŠP�”›Closing Streams@�”˜
• ‰TOC80ŠP�”›Simple Output by Characters or Lines@�”˜
• ‰TOC81ŠP�”›Character Input@�”˜
• ‰TOC82ŠP�”›Line-Oriented Input@�”˜
• ‰TOC83ŠP�”›Unreading@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC84ŠP�”›What Unreading Means@�”˜
• ‰TOC85ŠP�”›Using XungetcP To Do Unreading@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC86ŠP�”›Block Input/Output@�”˜
• ‰TOC87ŠP�”›Formatted Output@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC88ŠP�”›Formatted Output Basics@�”˜
• ‰TOC89ŠP�”›Output Conversion Syntax@�”˜
• ‰TOC90ŠP�”›Table of Output Conversions@�”˜
• ‰TOC91ŠP�”›Integer Conversions@�”˜
• ‰TOC92ŠP�”›Floating-Point Conversions@�”˜
• ‰TOC93ŠP�”›Other Output Conversions@�”˜
• ‰TOC94ŠP�”›Formatted Output Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC95ŠP�”›Dynamically Allocating Formatted Output@�”˜
• ‰TOC96ŠP�”›Variable Arguments Output Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC97ŠP�”›Parsing a Template String@�”˜
• ‰TOC98ŠP�”›Example of Parsing a Template String@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC99ŠP�”›Customizing Xprintf@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC100ŠP�”›Registering New Conversions@�”˜
• ‰TOC101ŠP�”›Conversion Specifier Options@�”˜
• ‰TOC102ŠP�”›Defining the Output Handler@�”˜
• ‰TOC103ŠX�”›printfP Extension Example@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC104ŠP�”›Formatted Input@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC105ŠP�”›Formatted Input Basics@�”˜
• ‰TOC106ŠP�”›Input Conversion Syntax@�”˜
• ‰TOC107ŠP�”›Table of Input Conversions@�”˜
• ‰TOC108ŠP�”›Numeric Input Conversions@�”˜
• ‰TOC109ŠP�”›String Input Conversions@�”˜
• ‰TOC110ŠP�”›Dynamically Allocating String Conversions@�”˜
• ‰TOC111ŠP�”›Other Input Conversions@�”˜
• ‰TOC112ŠP�”›Formatted Input Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC113ŠP�”›Variable Arguments Input Functions@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC114ŠP�”›End-Of-File and Errors@�”˜
• ‰TOC115ŠP�”›Text and Binary Streams@�”˜
• ‰TOC116ŠP�”›File Positioning@�”˜
• ‰TOC117ŠP�”›Portable File-Position Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC118ŠP�”›Stream Buffering@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC119ŠP�”›Buffering Concepts@�”˜
• ‰TOC120ŠP�”›Flushing Buffers@�”˜
• ‰TOC121ŠP�”›Controlling Which Kind of Buffering@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC122ŠP�”›Other Kinds of Streams@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC123ŠP�”›String Streams@�”˜
• ‰TOC124ŠP�”›Obstack Streams@�”˜
• ‰TOC125ŠP�”›Programming Your Own Custom Streams@�”˜ È
• ‰TOC126ŠP�”›Custom Streams and Cookies@�”˜
• ‰TOC127ŠP�”›Custom Stream Hook Functions@�”˜ ÆÄÂ
• ‰TOC128ŠP�”›Low-Level Input/Output@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC129ŠP�”›Opening and Closing Files@�”˜
• ‰TOC130ŠP�”›Input and Output Primitives@�”˜
• ‰TOC131ŠP�”›Setting the File Position of a Descriptor@�”˜
• ‰TOC132ŠP�”›Descriptors and Streams@�”˜
• ‰TOC133ŠP�”›Dangers of Mixing Streams and Descriptors@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC134ŠP�”›Linked Channels@�”˜
• ‰TOC135ŠP�”›Independent Channels@�”˜
• ‰TOC136ŠP�”›Cleaning Streams@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC137ŠP�”›Waiting for Input or Output@�”˜
• ‰TOC138ŠP�”›Control Operations on Files@�”˜
• ‰TOC139ŠP�”›Duplicating Descriptors@�”˜
• ‰TOC140ŠP�”›File Descriptor Flags@�”˜
• ‰TOC141ŠP�”›File Status Flags@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC142ŠP�”›File Access Modes@�”˜
• ‰TOC143ŠP�”›Open-time Flags@�”˜
• ‰TOC144ŠP�”›I/O Operating Modes@�”˜
• ‰TOC145ŠP�”›Getting and Setting File Status Flags@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC146ŠP�”›File Locks@�”˜
• ‰TOC147ŠP�”›Interrupt-Driven Input@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC148ŠP�”›File System Interface@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC149ŠP�”›Working Directory@�”˜
• ‰TOC150ŠP�”›Accessing Directories@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC151ŠP�”›Format of a Directory Entry@�”˜
• ‰TOC152ŠP�”›Opening a Directory Stream@�”˜
• ‰TOC153ŠP�”›Reading and Closing a Directory Stream@�”˜
• ‰TOC154ŠP�”›Simple Program to List a Directory@�”˜
• ‰TOC155ŠP�”›Random Access in a Directory Stream@�”˜
• ‰TOC156ŠP�”›Scanning the Content of a Directory@�”˜
• ‰TOC157ŠP�”›Simple Program to List a Directory, Mark II@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC158ŠP�”›Hard Links@�”˜
• ‰TOC159ŠP�”›Symbolic Links@�”˜
• ‰TOC160ŠP�”›Deleting Files@�”˜
• ‰TOC161ŠP�”›Renaming Files@�”˜
• ‰TOC162ŠP�”›Creating Directories@�”˜
• ‰TOC163ŠP�”›File Attributes@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC164ŠP�”›What the File Attribute Values Mean@�”˜
• ‰TOC165ŠP�”›Reading the Attributes of a File@�”˜
• ‰TOC166ŠP�”›Testing the Type of a File@�”˜
• ‰TOC167ŠP�”›File Owner@�”˜
• ‰TOC168ŠP�”›The Mode Bits for Access Permission@�”˜
• ‰TOC169ŠP�”›How Your Access to a File is Decided@�”˜
• ‰TOC170ŠP�”›Assigning File Permissions@�”˜
• ‰TOC171ŠP�”›Testing Permission to Access a File@�”˜
• ‰TOC172ŠP�”›File Times@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC173ŠP�”›Making Special Files@�”˜
• ‰TOC174ŠP�”›Temporary Files@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC175ŠP�”›Pipes and FIFOs@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC176ŠP�”›Creating a Pipe@�”˜
• ‰TOC177ŠP�”›Pipe to a Subprocess@�”˜
• ‰TOC178ŠP�”›FIFO Special Files@�”˜
• ‰TOC179ŠP�”›Atomicity of Pipe I/O@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC180ŠP�”›Sockets@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC181ŠP�”›Socket Concepts@�”˜
• ‰TOC182ŠP�”›Communication Styles@�”˜
• ‰TOC183ŠP�”›Socket Addresses@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC184ŠP�”›Address Formats@�”˜
• ‰TOC185ŠP�”›Setting the Address of a Socket@�”˜
• ‰TOC186ŠP�”›Reading the Address of a Socket@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC187ŠP�”›The File Namespace@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC188ŠP�”›File Namespace Concepts@�”˜
• ‰TOC189ŠP�”›Details of File Namespace@�”˜
• ‰TOC190ŠP�”›Example of File-Namespace Sockets@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC191ŠP�”›The Internet Namespace@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC192ŠP�”›Internet Socket Address Formats@�”˜
• ‰TOC193ŠP�”›Host Addresses@�”˜ È
• ‰TOC194ŠP�”›Internet Host Addresses@�”˜
• ‰TOC195ŠP�”›Host Address Data Type@�”˜
• ‰TOC196ŠP�”›Host Address Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC197ŠP�”›Host Names@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC198ŠP�”›Internet Ports@�”˜
• ‰TOC199ŠP�”›The Services Database@�”˜
• ‰TOC200ŠP�”›Byte Order Conversion@�”˜
• ‰TOC201ŠP�”›Protocols Database@�”˜
• ‰TOC202ŠP�”›Internet Socket Example@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC203ŠP�”›Other Namespaces@�”˜
• ‰TOC204ŠP�”›Opening and Closing Sockets@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC205ŠP�”›Creating a Socket@�”˜
• ‰TOC206ŠP�”›Closing a Socket@�”˜
• ‰TOC207ŠP�”›Socket Pairs@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC208ŠP�”›Using Sockets with Connections@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC209ŠP�”›Making a Connection@�”˜
• ‰TOC210ŠP�”›Listening for Connections@�”˜
• ‰TOC211ŠP�”›Accepting Connections@�”˜
• ‰TOC212ŠP�”›Who is Connected to Me?@�”˜
• ‰TOC213ŠP�”›Transferring Data@�”˜ È
• ‰TOC214ŠP�”›Sending Data@�”˜
• ‰TOC215ŠP�”›Receiving Data@�”˜
• ‰TOC216ŠP�”›Socket Data Options@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC217ŠP�”›Byte Stream Socket Example@�”˜
• ‰TOC218ŠP�”›Byte Stream Connection Server Example@�”˜
• ‰TOC219ŠP�”›Out-of-Band Data@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC220ŠP�”›Datagram Socket Operations@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC221ŠP�”›Sending Datagrams@�”˜
• ‰TOC222ŠP�”›Receiving Datagrams@�”˜
• ‰TOC223ŠP�”›Datagram Socket Example@�”˜
• ‰TOC224ŠP�”›Example of Reading Datagrams@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC225ŠP�”›The XinetdP Daemon@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC226ŠX�”›inetdP Servers@�”˜
• ‰TOC227ŠP�”›Configuring Xinetd@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC228ŠP�”›Socket Options@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC229ŠP�”›Socket Option Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC230ŠP�”›Socket-Level Options@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC231ŠP�”›Networks Database@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC232ŠP�”›Low-Level Terminal Interface@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC233ŠP�”›Identifying Terminals@�”˜
• ‰TOC234ŠP�”›I/O Queues@�”˜
• ‰TOC235ŠP�”›Two Styles of Input: Canonical or Not@�”˜
• ‰TOC236ŠP�”›Terminal Modes@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC237ŠP�”›Terminal Mode Data Types@�”˜
• ‰TOC238ŠP�”›Terminal Mode Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC239ŠP�”›Setting Terminal Modes Properly@�”˜
• ‰TOC240ŠP�”›Input Modes@�”˜
• ‰TOC241ŠP�”›Output Modes@�”˜
• ‰TOC242ŠP�”›Control Modes@�”˜
• ‰TOC243ŠP�”›Local Modes@�”˜
• ‰TOC244ŠP�”›Line Speed@�”˜
• ‰TOC245ŠP�”›Special Characters@�”˜ È
• ‰TOC246ŠP�”›Characters for Input Editing@�”˜
• ‰TOC247ŠP�”›Characters that Cause Signals@�”˜
• ‰TOC248ŠP�”›Special Characters for Flow Control@�”˜
• ‰TOC249ŠP�”›Other Special Characters@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC250ŠP�”›Noncanonical Input@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC251ŠP�”›Line Control Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC252ŠP�”›Noncanonical Mode Example@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC253ŠP�”›Mathematics@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC254ŠP�”›Domain and Range Errors@�”˜
• ‰TOC255ŠP�”›Trigonometric Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC256ŠP�”›Inverse Trigonometric Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC257ŠP�”›Exponentiation and Logarithms@�”˜
• ‰TOC258ŠP�”›Hyperbolic Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC259ŠP�”›Pseudo-Random Numbers@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC260ŠP�”›ISO C Random Number Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC261ŠP�”›BSD Random Number Functions@�”˜ ÄÂ
• ‰TOC262ŠP�”›Low-Level Arithmetic Functions@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC263ŠP�”›"Not a Number" Values@�”˜
• ‰TOC264ŠP�”›Predicates on Floats@�”˜
• ‰TOC265ŠP�”›Absolute Value@�”˜
• ‰TOC266ŠP�”›Normalization Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC267ŠP�”›Rounding and Remainder Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC268ŠP�”›Integer Division@�”˜
• ‰TOC269ŠP�”›Parsing of Numbers@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC270ŠP�”›Parsing of Integers@�”˜
• ‰TOC271ŠP�”›Parsing of Floats@�”˜ ÄÂ
• ‰TOC272ŠP�”›Searching and Sorting@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC273ŠP�”›Defining the Comparison Function@�”˜
• ‰TOC274ŠP�”›Array Search Function@�”˜
• ‰TOC275ŠP�”›Array Sort Function@�”˜
• ‰TOC276ŠP�”›Searching and Sorting Example@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC277ŠP�”›Pattern Matching@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC278ŠP�”›Wildcard Matching@�”˜
• ‰TOC279ŠP�”›Globbing@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC280ŠP�”›Calling Xglob@�”˜
• ‰TOC281ŠP�”›Flags for Globbing@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC282ŠP�”›Regular Expression Matching@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC283ŠP�”›POSIX Regular Expression Compilation@�”˜
• ‰TOC284ŠP�”›Flags for POSIX Regular Expressions@�”˜
• ‰TOC285ŠP�”›Matching a Compiled POSIX Regular Expression@�”˜
• ‰TOC286ŠP�”›Match Results with Subexpressions@�”˜
• ‰TOC287ŠP�”›Complications in Subexpression Matching@�”˜
• ‰TOC288ŠP�”›POSIX Regexp Matching Cleanup@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC289ŠP�”›Shell-Style Word Expansion@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC290ŠP�”›The Stages of Word Expansion@�”˜
• ‰TOC291ŠP�”›Calling Xwordexp@�”˜
• ‰TOC292ŠP�”›Flags for Word Expansion@�”˜
• ‰TOC293ŠX�”›wordexpP Example@�”˜ ÄÂ
• ‰TOC294ŠP�”›Date and Time@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC295ŠP�”›Processor Time@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC296ŠP�”›Basic CPU Time Inquiry@�”˜
• ‰TOC297ŠP�”›Detailed Elapsed CPU Time Inquiry@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC298ŠP�”›Calendar Time@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC299ŠP�”›Simple Calendar Time@�”˜
• ‰TOC300ŠP�”›High-Resolution Calendar@�”˜
• ‰TOC301ŠP�”›Broken-down Time@�”˜
• ‰TOC302ŠP�”›Formatting Date and Time@�”˜
• ‰TOC303ŠP�”›Specifying the Time Zone with XTZ@�”˜
• ‰TOC304ŠP�”›Functions and Variables for Time Zones@�”˜
• ‰TOC305ŠP�”›Time Functions Example@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC306ŠP�”›Setting an Alarm@�”˜
• ‰TOC307ŠP�”›Sleeping@�”˜
• ‰TOC308ŠP�”›Resource Usage@�”˜
• ‰TOC309ŠP�”›Limiting Resource Usage@�”˜
• ‰TOC310ŠP�”›Process Priority@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC311ŠP�”›Extended Characters@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC312ŠP�”›Introduction to Extended Characters@�”˜
• ‰TOC313ŠP�”›Locales and Extended Characters@�”˜
• ‰TOC314ŠP�”›Multibyte Characters@�”˜
• ‰TOC315ŠP�”›Wide Character Introduction@�”˜
• ‰TOC316ŠP�”›Conversion of Extended Strings@�”˜
• ‰TOC317ŠP�”›Multibyte Character Length@�”˜
• ‰TOC318ŠP�”›Conversion of Extended Characters One by One@�”˜
• ‰TOC319ŠP�”›Character-by-Character Conversion Example@�”˜
• ‰TOC320ŠP�”›Multibyte Codes Using Shift Sequences@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC321ŠP�”›Locales and Internationalization@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC322ŠP�”›What Effects a Locale Has@�”˜
• ‰TOC323ŠP�”›Choosing a Locale@�”˜
• ‰TOC324ŠP�”›Categories of Activities that Locales Affect@�”˜
• ‰TOC325ŠP�”›How Programs Set the Locale@�”˜
• ‰TOC326ŠP�”›Standard Locales@�”˜
• ‰TOC327ŠP�”›Numeric Formatting@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC328ŠP�”›Generic Numeric Formatting Parameters@�”˜
• ‰TOC329ŠP�”›Printing the Currency Symbol@�”˜
• ‰TOC330ŠP�”›Printing the Sign of an Amount of Money@�”˜ ÄÂ
• ‰TOC331ŠP�”›Non-Local Exits@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC332ŠP�”›Introduction to Non-Local Exits@�”˜
• ‰TOC333ŠP�”›Details of Non-Local Exits@�”˜
• ‰TOC334ŠP�”›Non-Local Exits and Signals@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC335ŠP�”›Signal Handling@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC336ŠP�”›Basic Concepts of Signals@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC337ŠP�”›Some Kinds of Signals@�”˜
• ‰TOC338ŠP�”›Concepts of Signal Generation@�”˜
• ‰TOC339ŠP�”›How Signals Are Delivered@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC340ŠP�”›Standard Signals@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC341ŠP�”›Program Error Signals@�”˜
• ‰TOC342ŠP�”›Termination Signals@�”˜
• ‰TOC343ŠP�”›Alarm Signals@�”˜
• ‰TOC344ŠP�”›Asynchronous I/O Signals@�”˜
• ‰TOC345ŠP�”›Job Control Signals@�”˜
• ‰TOC346ŠP�”›Operation Error Signals@�”˜
• ‰TOC347ŠP�”›Miscellaneous Signals@�”˜
• ‰TOC348ŠP�”›Signal Messages@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC349ŠP�”›Specifying Signal Actions@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC350ŠP�”›Basic Signal Handling@�”˜
• ‰TOC351ŠP�”›Advanced Signal Handling@�”˜
• ‰TOC352ŠP�”›Interaction of XsignalP and Xsigaction@�”˜
• ‰TOC353ŠX�”›sigactionP Function Example@�”˜
• ‰TOC354ŠP�”›Flags for Xsigaction@�”˜
• ‰TOC355ŠP�”›Initial Signal Actions@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC356ŠP�”›Defining Signal Handlers@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC357ŠP�”›Signal Handlers that Return@�”˜
• ‰TOC358ŠP�”›Handlers That Terminate the Process@�”˜
• ‰TOC359ŠP�”›Nonlocal Control Transfer in Handlers@�”˜
• ‰TOC360ŠP�”›Signals Arriving While a Handler Runs@�”˜
• ‰TOC361ŠP�”›Signals Close Together Merge into One@�”˜
• ‰TOC362ŠP�”›Signal Handling and Nonreentrant Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC363ŠP�”›Atomic Data Access and Signal Handling@�”˜ È
• ‰TOC364ŠP�”›Problems with Non-Atomic Access@�”˜
• ‰TOC365ŠP�”›Atomic Types@�”˜
• ‰TOC366ŠP�”›Atomic Usage Patterns@�”˜ ÆÄ
• ‰TOC367ŠP�”›Primitives Interrupted by Signals@�”˜
• ‰TOC368ŠP�”›Generating Signals@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC369ŠP�”›Signaling Yourself@�”˜
• ‰TOC370ŠP�”›Signaling Another Process@�”˜
• ‰TOC371ŠP�”›Permission for using Xkill@�”˜
• ‰TOC372ŠP�”›Using XkillP for Communication@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC373ŠP�”›Blocking Signals@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC374ŠP�”›Why Blocking Signals is Useful@�”˜
• ‰TOC375ŠP�”›Signal Sets@�”˜
• ‰TOC376ŠP�”›Process Signal Mask@�”˜
• ‰TOC377ŠP�”›Blocking to Test for Delivery of a Signal@�”˜
• ‰TOC378ŠP�”›Blocking Signals for a Handler@�”˜
• ‰TOC379ŠP�”›Checking for Pending Signals@�”˜
• ‰TOC380ŠP�”›Remembering a Signal to Act On Later@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC381ŠP�”›Waiting for a Signal@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC382ŠP�”›Using Xpause@�”˜
• ‰TOC383ŠP�”›Problems with Xpause@�”˜
• ‰TOC384ŠP�”›Using Xsigsuspend@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC385ŠP�”›Using a Separate Signal Stack@�”˜
• ‰TOC386ŠP�”›BSD Signal Handling@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC387ŠP�”›BSD Function to Establish a Handler@�”˜
• ‰TOC388ŠP�”›BSD Functions for Blocking Signals@�”˜ ÄÂ
• ‰TOC389ŠP�”›Process Startup and Termination@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC390ŠP�”›Program Arguments@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC391ŠP�”›Program Argument Syntax Conventions@�”˜
• ‰TOC392ŠP�”›Parsing Program Options@�”˜
• ‰TOC393ŠP�”›Example of Parsing Arguments with Xgetopt@�”˜
• ‰TOC394ŠP�”›Parsing Long Options@�”˜
• ‰TOC395ŠP�”›Example of Parsing Long Options@�”˜
• ‰TOC396ŠP�”›Parsing of Suboptions@�”˜
• ‰TOC397ŠP�”›Parsing of Suboptions Example@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC398ŠP�”›Environment Variables@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC399ŠP�”›Environment Access@�”˜
• ‰TOC400ŠP�”›Standard Environment Variables@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC401ŠP�”›Program Termination@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC402ŠP�”›Normal Termination@�”˜
• ‰TOC403ŠP�”›Exit Status@�”˜
• ‰TOC404ŠP�”›Cleanups on Exit@�”˜
• ‰TOC405ŠP�”›Aborting a Program@�”˜
• ‰TOC406ŠP�”›Termination Internals@�”˜ ÄÂ
• ‰TOC407ŠP�”›Processes@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC408ŠP�”›Running a Command@�”˜
• ‰TOC409ŠP�”›Process Creation Concepts@�”˜
• ‰TOC410ŠP�”›Process Identification@�”˜
• ‰TOC411ŠP�”›Creating a Process@�”˜
• ‰TOC412ŠP�”›Executing a File@�”˜
• ‰TOC413ŠP�”›Process Completion@�”˜
• ‰TOC414ŠP�”›Process Completion Status@�”˜
• ‰TOC415ŠP�”›BSD Process Wait Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC416ŠP�”›Process Creation Example@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC417ŠP�”›Job Control@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC418ŠP�”›Concepts of Job Control@�”˜
• ‰TOC419ŠP�”›Job Control is Optional@�”˜
• ‰TOC420ŠP�”›Controlling Terminal of a Process@�”˜
• ‰TOC421ŠP�”›Access to the Controlling Terminal@�”˜
• ‰TOC422ŠP�”›Orphaned Process Groups@�”˜
• ‰TOC423ŠP�”›Implementing a Job Control Shell@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC424ŠP�”›Data Structures for the Shell@�”˜
• ‰TOC425ŠP�”›Initializing the Shell@�”˜
• ‰TOC426ŠP�”›Launching Jobs@�”˜
• ‰TOC427ŠP�”›Foreground and Background@�”˜
• ‰TOC428ŠP�”›Stopped and Terminated Jobs@�”˜
• ‰TOC429ŠP�”›Continuing Stopped Jobs@�”˜
• ‰TOC430ŠP�”›The Missing Pieces@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC431ŠP�”›Functions for Job Control@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC432ŠP�”›Identifying the Controlling Terminal@�”˜
• ‰TOC433ŠP�”›Process Group Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC434ŠP�”›Functions for Controlling Terminal Access@�”˜ ÄÂ
• ‰TOC435ŠP�”›System Databases and Name Service Switch@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC436ŠP�”›NSS Basics@�”˜
• ‰TOC437ŠP�”›The NSS Configuration File@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC438ŠP�”›Services in the NSS configuration File@�”˜
• ‰TOC439ŠP�”›Actions in the NSS configuration@�”˜
• ‰TOC440ŠP�”›Notes on the NSS Configuration File@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC441ŠP�”›NSS Module Internals@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC442ŠP�”›The Naming Scheme of the NSS Modules@�”˜
• ‰TOC443ŠP�”›The Interface of the Function in NSS Modules@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC444ŠP�”›Extending NSS@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC445ŠP�”›Adding another Service to NSS@�”˜
• ‰TOC446ŠP�”›Internals of the NSS Module Functions@�”˜ ÄÂ
• ‰TOC447ŠP�”›Users and Groups@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC448ŠP�”›User and Group IDs@�”˜
• ‰TOC449ŠP�”›The Persona of a Process@�”˜
• ‰TOC450ŠP�”›Why Change the Persona of a Process?@�”˜
• ‰TOC451ŠP�”›How an Application Can Change Persona@�”˜
• ‰TOC452ŠP�”›Reading the Persona of a Process@�”˜
• ‰TOC453ŠP�”›Setting the User ID@�”˜
• ‰TOC454ŠP�”›Setting the Group IDs@�”˜
• ‰TOC455ŠP�”›Enabling and Disabling Setuid Access@�”˜
• ‰TOC456ŠP�”›Setuid Program Example@�”˜
• ‰TOC457ŠP�”›Tips for Writing Setuid Programs@�”˜
• ‰TOC458ŠP�”›Identifying Who Logged In@�”˜
• ‰TOC459ŠP�”›User Database@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC460ŠP�”›The Data Structure that Describes a User@�”˜
• ‰TOC461ŠP�”›Looking Up One User@�”˜
• ‰TOC462ŠP�”›Scanning the List of All Users@�”˜
• ‰TOC463ŠP�”›Writing a User Entry@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC464ŠP�”›Group Database@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC465ŠP�”›The Data Structure for a Group@�”˜
• ‰TOC466ŠP�”›Looking Up One Group@�”˜
• ‰TOC467ŠP�”›Scanning the List of All Groups@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC468ŠP�”›Netgroup Database@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC469ŠP�”›Netgroup Data@�”˜
• ‰TOC470ŠP�”›Looking up one Netgroup@�”˜
• ‰TOC471ŠP�”›Testing for Netgroup Membership@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC472ŠP�”›User and Group Database Example@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC473ŠP�”›System Information@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC474ŠP�”›Host Identification@�”˜
• ‰TOC475ŠP�”›Hardware/Software Type Identification@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC476ŠP�”›System Configuration Parameters@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC477ŠP�”›General Capacity Limits@�”˜
• ‰TOC478ŠP�”›Overall System Options@�”˜
• ‰TOC479ŠP�”›Which Version of POSIX is Supported@�”˜
• ‰TOC480ŠP�”›Using Xsysconf@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC481ŠP�”›Definition of Xsysconf@�”˜
• ‰TOC482ŠP�”›Constants for XsysconfP Parameters@�”˜
• ‰TOC483ŠP�”›Examples of Xsysconf@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC484ŠP�”›Minimum Values for General Capacity Limits@�”˜
• ‰TOC485ŠP�”›Limits on File System Capacity@�”˜
• ‰TOC486ŠP�”›Optional Features in File Support@�”˜
• ‰TOC487ŠP�”›Minimum Values for File System Limits@�”˜
• ‰TOC488ŠP�”›Using Xpathconf@�”˜
• ‰TOC489ŠP�”›Utility Program Capacity Limits@�”˜
• ‰TOC490ŠP�”›Minimum Values for Utility Limits@�”˜
• ‰TOC491ŠP�”›String-Valued Parameters@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC492ŠP�”›C Language Facilities in the Library@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC493ŠP�”›Explicitly Checking Internal Consistency@�”˜
• ‰TOC494ŠP�”›Variadic Functions@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC495ŠP�”›Why Variadic Functions are Used@�”˜
• ‰TOC496ŠP�”›How Variadic Functions are Defined and Used@�”˜ È
• ‰TOC497ŠP�”›Syntax for Variable Arguments@�”˜
• ‰TOC498ŠP�”›Receiving the Argument Values@�”˜
• ‰TOC499ŠP�”›How Many Arguments Were Supplied@�”˜
• ‰TOC500ŠP�”›Calling Variadic Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC501ŠP�”›Argument Access Macros@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC502ŠP�”›Example of a Variadic Function@�”˜ È
• ‰TOC503ŠP�”›Old-Style Variadic Functions@�”˜ ÆÄ
• ‰TOC504ŠP�”›Null Pointer Constant@�”˜
• ‰TOC505ŠP�”›Important Data Types@�”˜
• ‰TOC506ŠP�”›Data Type Measurements@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC507ŠP�”›Computing the Width of an Integer Data Type@�”˜
• ‰TOC508ŠP�”›Range of an Integer Type@�”˜
• ‰TOC509ŠP�”›Floating Type Macros@�”˜ È
• ‰TOC510ŠP�”›Floating Point Representation Concepts@�”˜
• ‰TOC511ŠP�”›Floating Point Parameters@�”˜
• ‰TOC512ŠP�”›IEEE Floating Point@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC513ŠP�”›Structure Field Offset Measurement@�”˜ ÄÂ
• ‰TOC514ŠP�”›Summary of Library Facilities@�”˜
• ‰TOC515ŠP�”›Library Maintenance@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC516ŠP�”›How to Install the GNU C Library@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC517ŠP�”›Recommended Tools to Install the GNU C Library@�”˜
• ‰TOC518ŠP�”›Supported Configurations@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC519ŠP�”›Reporting Bugs@�”˜
• ‰TOC520ŠP�”›Adding New Functions@�”˜
• ‰TOC521ŠP�”›Porting the GNU C Library@�”˜ Æ
• ‰TOC522ŠP�”›Layout of the X`sysdeps'P Directory Hierarchy@�”˜
• ‰TOC523ŠP�”›Porting the GNU C Library to Unix Systems@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC524ŠP�”›Contributors to the GNU C Library@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC525ŠP�”›GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE@�”˜ Ä
• ‰TOC526ŠP�”›Preamble@�”˜
• ‰TOC527ŠP�”›TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION@�”˜
• ‰TOC528ŠP�”›How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries@�”˜ Â
• ‰TOC529ŠP�”›Concept Index@�”˜
• ‰TOC530ŠP�”›Type Index@�”˜
• ‰TOC531ŠP�”›Function and Macro Index@�”˜
• ‰TOC532ŠP�”›Variable and Constant Macro Index@�”˜
• ‰TOC533ŠP�”›Program and File Index@�”˜ Àð
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This document was generated on 6 November 1998 using the ‰ŠP�”›texi2html@�”˜ translator version 1.52.